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use itertools::Itertools;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
use std::hash::Hash;
use ustr::Ustr;
use super::{
Atom, Domain, DomainPtr, Expression, GroundDomain, Metadata, Moo, PartitionAttr, Range,
ReturnType, SetAttr, Typeable, domains::HasDomain, domains::Int, records::FieldValue,
};
use crate::ast::domains::{MSetAttr, SequenceAttr};
use crate::ast::pretty::pretty_vec;
use crate::bug;
use polyquine::Quine;
use uniplate::{Biplate, Tree, Uniplate};
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Uniplate, Hash, Quine)]
#[uniplate(walk_into=[AbstractLiteral<Literal>])]
#[biplate(to=Atom)]
#[biplate(to=AbstractLiteral<Literal>)]
#[biplate(to=AbstractLiteral<Expression>)]
#[biplate(to=FieldValue<Literal>)]
#[biplate(to=FieldValue<Expression>)]
#[biplate(to=Expression)]
#[path_prefix(conjure_cp::ast)]
/// A literal value, equivalent to constants in Conjure.
pub enum Literal {
Int(i32),
Bool(bool),
//abstract literal variant ends in Literal, but that's ok
#[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
AbstractLiteral(AbstractLiteral<Literal>),
}
impl HasDomain for Literal {
fn domain_of(&self) -> DomainPtr {
match self {
Literal::Int(i) => Domain::int(vec![Range::Single(*i)]),
Literal::Bool(_) => Domain::bool(),
Literal::AbstractLiteral(abstract_literal) => abstract_literal.domain_of(),
// make possible values of an AbstractLiteral a closed world to make the trait bounds more sane (particularly in Uniplate instances!!)
pub trait AbstractLiteralValue:
Clone + Eq + PartialEq + Display + Uniplate + Biplate<FieldValue<Self>> + 'static
{
type Dom: Clone + Eq + PartialEq + Display + Quine + From<GroundDomain> + Into<DomainPtr>;
impl AbstractLiteralValue for Expression {
type Dom = DomainPtr;
impl AbstractLiteralValue for Literal {
type Dom = Moo<GroundDomain>;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, Quine)]
pub enum AbstractLiteral<T: AbstractLiteralValue> {
Set(Vec<T>),
MSet(Vec<T>),
/// A 1 dimensional matrix slice with an index domain.
Matrix(Vec<T>, T::Dom),
// a tuple of literals
Tuple(Vec<T>),
Record(Vec<FieldValue<T>>),
Sequence(Vec<T>),
Function(Vec<(T, T)>),
// Variants only contain one of their name-domain pairs
Variant(Moo<FieldValue<T>>),
// A list of partitions, each part has a set of values
Partition(Vec<Vec<T>>),
Relation(Vec<Vec<T>>),
// TODO: use HasDomain instead once Expression::domain_of returns Domain not Option<Domain>
impl AbstractLiteral<Expression> {
pub fn domain_of(&self) -> Option<DomainPtr> {
AbstractLiteral::Set(items) => {
// ensure that all items have a domain, or return None
let item_domains: Vec<DomainPtr> = items
.iter()
.map(|x| x.domain_of())
.collect::<Option<Vec<DomainPtr>>>()?;
// union all item domains together
let mut item_domain_iter = item_domains.iter().cloned();
let first_item = item_domain_iter.next()?;
let item_domain = item_domains
.try_fold(first_item, |x, y| x.union(y))
.expect("taking the union of all item domains of a set literal should succeed");
Some(Domain::set(SetAttr::<Int>::default(), item_domain))
AbstractLiteral::MSet(items) => {
Some(Domain::mset(MSetAttr::<Int>::default(), item_domain))
AbstractLiteral::Sequence(elems) => {
let item_domains: Vec<DomainPtr> = elems
// Get the union of all domains in the sequence.
// i.e. if <(1..3), (1..3), (5), (8..9)> then seq dom is (1..3, 5, 8..9)
Some(Domain::sequence(
SequenceAttr::<Int>::default(),
item_domain,
))
AbstractLiteral::Partition(items) => {
// Flatten the Vec<Vec< into a single vec
// ensure that all elemes in each part have a domain, or return None
.flatten()
.expect("taking the union of all item domains of a partition literal should succeed");
Some(Domain::partition(
PartitionAttr::<Int>::default(),
AbstractLiteral::Matrix(items, _) => {
let item_domains = items
.expect(
"taking the union of all item domains of a matrix literal should succeed",
);
let mut new_index_domain = vec![];
// flatten index domains of n-d matrix into list
let mut e = Expression::AbstractLiteral(Metadata::new(), self.clone());
while let Expression::AbstractLiteral(_, AbstractLiteral::Matrix(elems, idx)) = e {
assert!(
idx.as_matrix().is_none(),
"n-dimensional matrix literals should be represented as a matrix inside a matrix, got {idx}"
new_index_domain.push(idx);
e = elems[0].clone();
Some(Domain::matrix(item_domain, new_index_domain))
AbstractLiteral::Tuple(_) => None,
AbstractLiteral::Record(_) => None,
AbstractLiteral::Function(_) => None,
AbstractLiteral::Variant(_) => None,
AbstractLiteral::Relation(_) => None,
impl HasDomain for AbstractLiteral<Literal> {
Domain::from_literal_vec(&[Literal::AbstractLiteral(self.clone())])
.expect("abstract literals should be correctly typed")
impl Typeable for AbstractLiteral<Expression> {
fn return_type(&self) -> ReturnType {
AbstractLiteral::Set(items) if items.is_empty() => {
ReturnType::Set(Box::new(ReturnType::Unknown))
let item_type = items[0].return_type();
// if any items do not have a type, return none.
let item_types: Vec<ReturnType> = items.iter().map(|x| x.return_type()).collect();
item_types.iter().all(|x| x == &item_type),
"all items in a set should have the same type"
ReturnType::Set(Box::new(item_type))
AbstractLiteral::MSet(items) if items.is_empty() => {
ReturnType::MSet(Box::new(ReturnType::Unknown))
ReturnType::MSet(Box::new(item_type))
AbstractLiteral::Sequence(items) if items.is_empty() => {
ReturnType::Sequence(Box::new(ReturnType::Unknown))
AbstractLiteral::Sequence(items) => {
"all items in a sequence should have the same type"
ReturnType::Sequence(Box::new(item_type))
AbstractLiteral::Partition(items) if items.is_empty() || items[0].is_empty() => {
ReturnType::Partition(Box::new(ReturnType::Unknown))
let item_type = items[0][0].return_type();
let item_types: Vec<ReturnType> =
items.iter().flatten().map(|x| x.return_type()).collect();
"all items in every part of a partition should have the same type"
ReturnType::Partition(Box::new(item_type))
AbstractLiteral::Matrix(items, _) if items.is_empty() => {
ReturnType::Matrix(Box::new(ReturnType::Unknown))
"all items in a matrix should have the same type. items: {items} types: {types:#?}",
items = pretty_vec(items),
types = items
.map(|x| x.return_type())
.collect::<Vec<ReturnType>>()
ReturnType::Matrix(Box::new(item_type))
AbstractLiteral::Tuple(items) => {
let mut item_types = vec![];
for item in items {
item_types.push(item.return_type());
ReturnType::Tuple(item_types)
AbstractLiteral::Record(items) => {
item_types.push(item.value.return_type());
ReturnType::Record(item_types)
AbstractLiteral::Function(items) => {
if items.is_empty() {
return ReturnType::Function(
Box::new(ReturnType::Unknown),
// Check that all items have the same return type
let (x1, y1) = &items[0];
let (t1, t2) = (x1.return_type(), y1.return_type());
for (x, y) in items {
let (tx, ty) = (x.return_type(), y.return_type());
if tx != t1 {
bug!("Expected {t1}, got {x}: {tx}");
if ty != t2 {
bug!("Expected {t2}, got {y}: {ty}");
ReturnType::Function(Box::new(t1), Box::new(t2))
AbstractLiteral::Variant(item) => {
// Variants hold multiple possible types. In the case of a literal we know which type it chose
ReturnType::Variant(vec![item.value.return_type()])
AbstractLiteral::Relation(items) => {
return ReturnType::Relation(vec![ReturnType::Unknown]);
let x1 = &items[0];
let size = x1.len();
for item in x1 {
for x in items {
if x.len() != size {
let strs = item_types.iter().map(|x| format!("{}", x)).join(",");
bug!("Expected ({strs}) with length {size}, got size {}", x.len());
for i in 1..size {
if let Some(new_type) = x.get(i)
&& let Some(old_type) = item_types.get(i)
&& new_type.return_type() != *old_type
bug!("Expected {old_type}, got {new_type}");
ReturnType::Relation(item_types)
impl<T> AbstractLiteral<T>
where
T: AbstractLiteralValue,
/// Creates a matrix with elements `elems`, with domain `int(1..)`.
///
/// This acts as a variable sized list.
pub fn matrix_implied_indices(elems: Vec<T>) -> Self {
AbstractLiteral::Matrix(elems, GroundDomain::Int(vec![Range::UnboundedR(1)]).into())
/// If the AbstractLiteral is a list, returns its elements.
/// A list is any a matrix with the domain `int(1..)`. This includes matrix literals without
/// any explicitly specified domain.
pub fn unwrap_list(&self) -> Option<&Vec<T>> {
let AbstractLiteral::Matrix(elems, domain) = self else {
return None;
let domain: DomainPtr = domain.clone().into();
let Some(GroundDomain::Int(ranges)) = domain.as_ground() else {
let [Range::UnboundedR(1)] = ranges[..] else {
Some(elems)
impl<T> Display for AbstractLiteral<T>
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
AbstractLiteral::Set(elems) => {
let elems_str: String = elems.iter().map(|x| format!("{x}")).join(",");
write!(f, "{{{elems_str}}}")
AbstractLiteral::MSet(elems) => {
write!(f, "mset({elems_str})")
AbstractLiteral::Matrix(elems, index_domain) => {
write!(f, "[{elems_str};{index_domain}]")
AbstractLiteral::Tuple(elems) => {
write!(f, "({elems_str})")
write!(f, "sequence({elems_str})")
AbstractLiteral::Partition(parts) => {
let elems_str: String = parts
.map(|inner| {
let elems_str = inner.iter().map(|x| format!("{x}")).join(",");
format!("{{{}}}", elems_str)
})
.join(", ");
write!(f, "partition({elems_str})")
AbstractLiteral::Record(entries) => {
let entries_str: String = entries
.map(|entry| format!("{} = {}", entry.name, entry.value))
.join(",");
write!(f, "record {{{entries_str}}}")
AbstractLiteral::Function(entries) => {
.map(|entry| format!("{} --> {}", entry.0, entry.1))
write!(f, "function({entries_str})")
AbstractLiteral::Variant(entry) => {
write!(f, "variant{{{} = {}}}", entry.name, entry.value)
AbstractLiteral::Relation(elems) => {
let elems_str: String = elems
.map(|x| format!("({})", x.iter().map(|x| format!("{x}")).join(",")))
write!(f, "relation({elems_str})")
impl<T> Uniplate for AbstractLiteral<T>
T: AbstractLiteralValue + Biplate<AbstractLiteral<T>>,
fn uniplate(&self) -> (Tree<Self>, Box<dyn Fn(Tree<Self>) -> Self>) {
// walking into T
AbstractLiteral::Set(vec) => {
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <_ as Biplate<AbstractLiteral<T>>>::biplate(vec);
(f1_tree, Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Set(f1_ctx(x))))
AbstractLiteral::MSet(vec) => {
(f1_tree, Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::MSet(f1_ctx(x))))
let index_domain = index_domain.clone();
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <_ as Biplate<AbstractLiteral<T>>>::biplate(elems);
(
f1_tree,
Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Matrix(f1_ctx(x), index_domain.clone())),
)
AbstractLiteral::Sequence(vec) => {
Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Sequence(f1_ctx(x))),
Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Tuple(f1_ctx(x))),
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <_ as Biplate<AbstractLiteral<T>>>::biplate(entries);
Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Record(f1_ctx(x))),
let entry_count = entries.len();
let flattened: Vec<T> = entries
.flat_map(|(lhs, rhs)| [lhs.clone(), rhs.clone()])
.collect();
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) =
<Vec<T> as Biplate<AbstractLiteral<T>>>::biplate(&flattened);
Box::new(move |x| {
let rebuilt = f1_ctx(x);
assert_eq!(
rebuilt.len(),
entry_count * 2,
"number of function literal children should remain unchanged"
let mut iter = rebuilt.into_iter();
let mut pairs = Vec::with_capacity(entry_count);
while let (Some(lhs), Some(rhs)) = (iter.next(), iter.next()) {
pairs.push((lhs, rhs));
AbstractLiteral::Function(pairs)
}),
AbstractLiteral::Variant(entries) => {
Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Variant(f1_ctx(x))),
Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Relation(f1_ctx(x))),
AbstractLiteral::Partition(elems) => {
Box::new(move |x| AbstractLiteral::Partition(f1_ctx(x))),
impl<U, To> Biplate<To> for AbstractLiteral<U>
To: Uniplate,
U: AbstractLiteralValue + Biplate<AbstractLiteral<U>> + Biplate<To>,
FieldValue<U>: Biplate<AbstractLiteral<U>> + Biplate<To>,
fn biplate(&self) -> (Tree<To>, Box<dyn Fn(Tree<To>) -> Self>) {
if std::any::TypeId::of::<To>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<AbstractLiteral<U>>() {
// To ==From => return One(self)
unsafe {
// SAFETY: asserted the type equality above
let self_to = std::mem::transmute::<&AbstractLiteral<U>, &To>(self).clone();
let tree = Tree::One(self_to);
let ctx = Box::new(move |x| {
let Tree::One(x) = x else {
panic!();
std::mem::transmute::<&To, &AbstractLiteral<U>>(&x).clone()
});
(tree, ctx)
} else {
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <_ as Biplate<To>>::biplate(vec);
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <Vec<U> as Biplate<To>>::biplate(elems);
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <_ as Biplate<To>>::biplate(elems);
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <_ as Biplate<To>>::biplate(entries);
let flattened: Vec<U> = entries
let (f1_tree, f1_ctx) = <Vec<U> as Biplate<To>>::biplate(&flattened);
impl TryFrom<Literal> for i32 {
type Error = &'static str;
fn try_from(value: Literal) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
match value {
Literal::Int(i) => Ok(i),
_ => Err("Cannot convert non-i32 literal to i32"),
impl TryFrom<Box<Literal>> for i32 {
fn try_from(value: Box<Literal>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
(*value).try_into()
impl TryFrom<&Box<Literal>> for i32 {
fn try_from(value: &Box<Literal>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
TryFrom::<&Literal>::try_from(value.as_ref())
impl TryFrom<&Moo<Literal>> for i32 {
fn try_from(value: &Moo<Literal>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
impl TryFrom<&Literal> for i32 {
fn try_from(value: &Literal) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
Literal::Int(i) => Ok(*i),
impl TryFrom<Literal> for bool {
Literal::Bool(b) => Ok(b),
_ => Err("Cannot convert non-bool literal to bool"),
impl TryFrom<&Literal> for bool {
Literal::Bool(b) => Ok(*b),
impl From<i32> for Literal {
fn from(i: i32) -> Self {
Literal::Int(i)
impl From<bool> for Literal {
fn from(b: bool) -> Self {
Literal::Bool(b)
impl From<Literal> for Ustr {
fn from(value: Literal) -> Self {
// TODO: avoid the temporary-allocation of a string by format! here?
Ustr::from(&format!("{value}"))
/// If all the elements are literals, returns this as an AbstractLiteral<Literal>.
/// Otherwise, returns `None`.
pub fn into_literals(self) -> Option<AbstractLiteral<Literal>> {
AbstractLiteral::Set(elements) => {
let literals = elements
.into_iter()
.map(|expr| match expr {
Expression::Atomic(_, Atom::Literal(lit)) => Some(lit),
Expression::AbstractLiteral(_, abslit) => {
Some(Literal::AbstractLiteral(abslit.into_literals()?))
_ => None,
.collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?;
Some(AbstractLiteral::Set(literals))
AbstractLiteral::MSet(elements) => {
Some(AbstractLiteral::MSet(literals))
// want to ascertain if every elem in Vec<Vec<Expr>> is a literal. If any are not, return none
// otherwise confirm it is an abslit<lit>
let mut partition: Vec<Vec<_>> = Vec::new();
for part in elems {
let literals = part
partition.push(literals);
Some(AbstractLiteral::Partition(partition))
AbstractLiteral::Matrix(items, domain) => {
let mut literals = vec![];
let literal = match item {
}?;
literals.push(literal);
Some(AbstractLiteral::Matrix(literals, domain.resolve()?))
AbstractLiteral::Sequence(elements) => {
Some(AbstractLiteral::Sequence(literals))
Some(AbstractLiteral::Tuple(literals))
for entry in entries {
let literal = match entry.value {
literals.push((entry.name, literal));
Some(AbstractLiteral::Record(
literals
.map(|(name, literal)| FieldValue {
name,
value: literal,
.collect(),
AbstractLiteral::Function(_) => todo!("Implement into_literals for functions"),
let literal = match entry.value.clone() {
Some(AbstractLiteral::Variant(Moo::new(FieldValue {
name: entry.name.clone(),
})))
AbstractLiteral::Relation(_) => todo!("Implement into_literals for relations"),
// need display implementations for other types as well
impl Display for Literal {
match &self {
Literal::Int(i) => write!(f, "{i}"),
Literal::Bool(b) => write!(f, "{b}"),
Literal::AbstractLiteral(l) => write!(f, "{l}"),
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use crate::{into_matrix, matrix};
use uniplate::Uniplate;
#[test]
fn matrix_uniplate_universe() {
// Can we traverse through matrices with uniplate?
let my_matrix: AbstractLiteral<Literal> = into_matrix![
vec![Literal::AbstractLiteral(matrix![Literal::Bool(true);Moo::new(GroundDomain::Bool)]); 5];
Moo::new(GroundDomain::Bool)
];
let expected_index_domains = vec![Moo::new(GroundDomain::Bool); 6];
let actual_index_domains: Vec<Moo<GroundDomain>> =
my_matrix.cata(&move |elem, children| {
let mut res = vec![];
res.extend(children.into_iter().flatten());
if let AbstractLiteral::Matrix(_, index_domain) = elem {
res.push(index_domain);
res
assert_eq!(actual_index_domains, expected_index_domains);